{"id":21357,"date":"2026-08-06T03:31:22","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T03:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/?p=21357"},"modified":"2026-08-06T03:31:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T03:31:22","slug":"%e4%bf%9d%e9%99%a9%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%ef%bc%9anegligence-%e5%9b%9b%e8%a6%81%e7%b4%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/?p=21357","title":{"rendered":"\u4fdd\u9669\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1aNegligence \u56db\u8981\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">RIBO \u6838\u5fc3\uff1aNegligence \u56db\u8981\u7d20<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation \u2192 Damage<\/strong><br>\u6709\u4e49\u52a1 \u2192 \u6ca1\u505a\u5230 \u2192 \u5bfc\u81f4\u635f\u5bb3 \u2192 \u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210 Negligence<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201c\u6211\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d \u2192 \u201c\u6211\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5230\uff1f\u201d \u2192 \u201c\u6211\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u635f\u5931\uff1f\u201d \u2192 \u201c\u5bf9\u65b9\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u635f\u5bb3\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2460 Duty of Care \u2014 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Duty of Care\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c31\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5408\u7406\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u8d22\u4ea7\u627f\u62c5\u5408\u7406\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u5bb6\u8d85\u5e02\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5165\u5e97\u91cc\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e97\u5185\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u987e\u5ba2\u56e0\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u5371\u9669\u800c\u53d7\u4f24\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\u6709\u6c34\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Supermarket \u2192 Customer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d85\u5e02\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2\u8d1f\u6709 <strong>Duty of Care<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x26a0;&#xfe0f; \u4f46\u6709 Duty \u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf Negligent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u8003\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d85\u5e02\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2\u6709 Duty of Care\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd8\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Did the supermarket breach that duty?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2461 Breach of Duty \u2014 \u8fdd\u53cd\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Breach \u5c31\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Reasonable Person<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8003\u8bd5\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What would a reasonable person have done under similar circumstances?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f8b\u5b50<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d85\u5e02\u53d1\u73b0\u5730\u677f\u6f0f\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5408\u7406\u505a\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6e05\u7406<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u653e\u7f6e\u8b66\u793a\u724c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9694\u79bb\u5371\u9669\u533a\u57df<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c3d\u5feb\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u987e\u5ba2\u968f\u540e\u6ed1\u5012<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Breach of Duty<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2462 Causation \u2014 \u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u9677\u9631\u9898\u9a97\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5373\u4f7f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709 Duty<br>\u6709 Breach<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e5f<strong>\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8d54\u94b1<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Breach \u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u635f\u5bb3\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cBut for\u201d test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u5931\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d85\u5e02\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u7406\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">John \u56e0\u4e3a\u6c34\u6ed1\u5012\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u6ee9\u6c34 \u2192 John \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ed1\u5012<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e48\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2463 Damage \u2014 \u5b9e\u9645\u635f\u5bb3 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u6216\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bodily injury<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Property damage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u8d54\u635f\u5931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u8d85\u5e02\u5730\u4e0a\u6709\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u4eba\u6454\u5012\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u635f\u5931\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e48\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u8981\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8d54\u7684 negligence claim\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u7f3a\u5c11\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x1f525; \u56db\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e32\u8d77\u6765<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supermarket floor has water.<br>Employee notices it but does nothing.<br>Customer walks through the area, slips and falls, and suffers an injury.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1 \u2014 Duty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d85\u5e02\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty of Care &#x2705;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2 \u2014 Breach<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5458\u5de5\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6c34\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u53d6\u5408\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Breach &#x2705;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3 \u2014 Causation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u987e\u5ba2\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c34\u6ed1\u5012\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Causation &#x2705;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4 \u2014 Damage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u987e\u5ba2\u53d7\u4f24\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Damage &#x2705;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6240\u4ee5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210 Negligence\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x1f9e0; \u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u8bb0\u4f4f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>             NEGLIGENCE\n                  \u2502\n                  \u2193\n        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        \u2502 1. DUTY         \u2502\n        \u2502 \u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1       \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                 \u2193\n        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        \u2502 2. BREACH       \u2502\n        \u2502 \u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5c65\u884c   \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                 \u2193\n        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        \u2502 3. CAUSATION    \u2502\n        \u2502 \u8fc7\u5931\u5bfc\u81f4\u635f\u5bb3     \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                 \u2193\n        \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n        \u2502 4. DAMAGE       \u2502\n        \u2502 \u5b9e\u9645\u635f\u5bb3\/\u635f\u5931    \u2502\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n                 \u2193\n             NEGLIGENCE<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x2b50; RIBO \u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u9677\u9631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9677\u9631 1\uff1a\u6709 Accident \u2260 \u6709 Negligence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">John \u5728\u5546\u5e97\u91cc\u7a81\u7136\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u7838\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d1\u751f\u4e86 Accident\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Store is negligent.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5fc5\u987b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8c03\u67e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Store \u6709\u6ca1\u6709 Duty\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u6ca1\u6709 Breach\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Breach \u662f\u5426\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u6ca1\u6709 Damage\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9677\u9631 2\uff1a\u6709 Duty \u2260 \u6709 Negligence<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5546\u5e97\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2\u6709 Duty of Care\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty alone \u2260 Negligence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9677\u9631 3\uff1a\u6709 Breach \u2260 \u81ea\u52a8\u8d54\u507f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5546\u5e97\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd8\u8981\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Where is the Damage?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9677\u9631 4\uff1a\u6709 Damage \u2260 \u5bf9\u65b9\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d1f\u8d23<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">John \u5728\u5546\u5e97\u91cc\u6454\u5012\uff0c\u53d7\u4f24\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u8fd8\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Store&#8217;s Breach caused the injury.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c John \u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u533b\u7597\u95ee\u9898\u7a81\u7136\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u80fd\u7f3a\u5c11\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Causation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x2b50; \u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1aStandard of Care<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddf Breach \u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad\u6709\u6ca1\u6709 Breach\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e00\u4e2a reasonable person \u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u666e\u901a\u53f8\u673a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96e8\u5929\u5e94\u8be5\u964d\u4f4e\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u5408\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u53f8\u673a\u5728\u66b4\u96e8\u4e2d\u9ad8\u901f\u9a7e\u9a76\u5e76\u649e\u8f66\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Breach of Duty<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x1f3af; \u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u9053 RIBO \u98ce\u683c\u9677\u9631\u9898<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\u7740\u770b\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A supermarket employee notices that water has spilled on the floor. The employee does nothing. Ten minutes later, a customer walks through the area but does not fall or suffer any injury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which element of negligence is <strong>missing<\/strong> from the facts?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Duty of Care<br>B. Breach of Duty<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">C. Causation<br><\/mark><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-red-color\">D. Damage<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A store has a duty to keep its premises reasonably safe. An employee fails to clean up a spill. A customer slips on the spill and breaks his arm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which sequence BEST describes the situation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Damage \u2192 Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation<br>B. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation \u2192 Damage<\/mark><br>C. Breach \u2192 Duty \u2192 Damage \u2192 Causation<br>D. Causation \u2192 Breach \u2192 Duty \u2192 Damage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 3 &#x2b50; \u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A customer slips and falls in a supermarket and breaks her arm. The supermarket had a reasonable inspection system, had inspected the floor shortly before the accident, and had no reason to know about the spill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which statement is MOST accurate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. The customer was injured, so the supermarket is automatically negligent.<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">B. The supermarket had a duty, but there may be no breach of that duty.<br><\/mark>C. Any accident on commercial premises automatically creates liability.<br>D. Damage automatically proves negligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 4 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A driver owes other road users a duty to operate the vehicle with reasonable care. The driver is texting while driving and hits another vehicle. The other driver suffers $10,000 in vehicle damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which element is represented by <strong>\u201ctexting while driving\u201d<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Duty<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">B. Breach<br><\/mark>C. Causation<br>D. Damage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 5 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A homeowner fails to repair a broken stair railing. A visitor falls because of the broken railing and suffers a fractured wrist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which statement is MOST accurate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. The broken railing is the Damage.<br>B. The fractured wrist is the Breach.<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-dark-red-color\">C. Failure to repair the railing may constitute a Breach, while the fall and injury may establish Causation and Damage.<br><\/mark><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">D. The homeowner cannot be liable because the visitor chose to enter the house.<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f60\u5148\u505a\u8fd9 <strong>5 \u9053<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u770b\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1 <strong>Duty \/ Breach \/ Causation \/ Damage \u7684\u8fb9\u754c<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u770b\u7b54\u6848\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x1f9e0; \u73b0\u5728\u628a\u56db\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5f7b\u5e95\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Element<\/th><th>\u4f60\u8981\u95ee\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/th><th>\u4f8b\u5b50<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Duty<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1\uff1f<\/td><td>Store \u2192 Customer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Breach<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6211\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5230\u5408\u7406\u6807\u51c6\uff1f<\/td><td>\u6ca1\u6e05\u7406\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Causation<\/strong><\/td><td>\u6211\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1f<\/td><td>\u56e0\u6c34\u800c\u6ed1\u5012<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Damage<\/strong><\/td><td>\u5bf9\u65b9\u5b9e\u9645\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/td><td>\u9aa8\u6298 \/ \u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u574f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty \u662f\u201c\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>Breach \u662f\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u597d\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>Causation \u662f\u201c\u56e0\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201d<\/strong><br><strong>Damage \u662f\u201c\u9020\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u635f\u5931\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x2b50; \u518d\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1 RIBO \u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u6848\u4f8b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5165 <strong>Reasonable Person \/ Foreseeability<\/strong>\uff0c\u96be\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A store employee notices a small spill in an area where customers are walking. The employee decides to leave it unattended. A customer slips on the spill and damages his expensive laptop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which statement is MOST accurate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. The spill itself is the Breach.<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">B. The employee&#8217;s failure to take reasonable action may be the Breach.<br><\/mark>C. The customer&#8217;s laptop is the Causation.<br>D. The customer&#8217;s decision to enter the store eliminates the store&#8217;s Duty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 7 &#x2b50;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A homeowner knows that a staircase railing is loose but decides not to repair it. A visitor enters the home, uses the staircase normally, and falls because the railing gives way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which element is BEST represented by <strong>\u201cthe homeowner knew the railing was loose but did nothing\u201d<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Duty<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">B. Breach<br><\/mark>C. Causation<br>D. Damage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 8 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A driver is speeding. However, another driver suddenly runs a red light and crashes into the speeding driver&#8217;s vehicle. The speeding driver suffers $5,000 in damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which issue is MOST relevant when determining whether the speeding driver&#8217;s conduct caused the loss?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Insurable Interest<br>B. <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">Causation<\/mark><br>C. Deductible<br>D. Indemnity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 9 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A restaurant has a Duty of Care toward its customers. It follows a reasonable cleaning and inspection procedure. A customer unexpectedly slips on a small spill that occurred only seconds earlier, before staff could reasonably discover or clean it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which is MOST accurate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. There is automatically a Breach because someone slipped.<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">B. There may be a Duty, but there may be no Breach.<br><\/mark>C. Damage automatically establishes Breach.<br>D. A restaurant has no Duty of Care toward customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Question 10 &#x1f525;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A homeowner fails to repair a known broken step. A visitor falls on the step but suffers no injury and no property damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Which statement is MOST accurate?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A. Duty, Breach, Causation and Damage are all established.<br><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-bright-red-color\">B. Duty and Breach may exist, but Damage is missing.<br><\/mark>C. Damage exists because the visitor fell.<br>D. There can never be a Breach without Damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9 5 \u9053\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u638c\u63e1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation \u2192 Damage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c24\u5176\u662f <strong>\u7b2c8\u30019\u300110\u9898<\/strong>\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u8fd1 RIBO \u7684\u201c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u56db\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\u90fd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u51c6\u786e\u201d\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u4e86 <strong>Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation \u2192 Damage<\/strong> \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7b2c 9\u300110 \u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u5206\u6e05 <strong>\u201c\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u6545\u201d\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u6784\u6210 Negligence\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9010\u9898\u786e\u8ba4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u9898\u76ee<\/th><th>\u4f60\u7684\u7b54\u6848<\/th><th>\u6b63\u786e<\/th><th>\u6838\u5fc3<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>6<\/td><td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td><td>&#x2705;<\/td><td>Failure to take reasonable action = Breach<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td><td>&#x2705;<\/td><td>\u660e\u77e5\u5371\u9669\u5374\u4e0d\u5904\u7406 = Breach<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td><td>&#x2705;<\/td><td>\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u5bfc\u81f4\u635f\u5931 = Causation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td><td>&#x2705;<\/td><td>\u6709 Duty \u2260 \u4e00\u5b9a\u6709 Breach<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td><strong>B<\/strong><\/td><td>&#x2705;<\/td><td>\u6709 Duty + Breach\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709 Damage<br><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x1f525; \u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\uff1aReasonable Person + Foreseeability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u4f60\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65<strong>\u6700\u5e94\u8be5\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Reasonable Person<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5224\u65ad Breach \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u96ea\u5929\uff0c\u5546\u573a\u5165\u53e3\u5730\u9762\u5f88\u6ed1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5546\u573a\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Would a reasonable occupier have taken steps to reduce the risk?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f Yes\uff0c\u800c\u5546\u573a\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x27a1;&#xfe0f; <strong>Breach<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Foreseeability \u2014 \u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u610f\u601d\u5927\u81f4\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u5bb3\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5546\u5e97\u77e5\u9053\u5730\u677f\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u79ef\u6c34\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u987e\u5ba2\u6ed1\u5012\u53d7\u4f24\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u5408\u7406\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x1f9e0; \u628a\u6574\u4e2a Negligence \u6a21\u578b\u5347\u7ea7<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>             NEGLIGENCE\n                  \u2502\n                  \u2193\n          \u2460 DUTY OF CARE\n          \u6211\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1\uff1f\n                  \u2193\n          \u2461 STANDARD OF CARE\n          \u5408\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f\n                  \u2193\n          \u2462 BREACH\n          \u6211\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5408\u7406\u6807\u51c6\uff1f\n                  \u2193\n          \u2463 CAUSATION\n          \u6211\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\n                  \u2193\n          \u2464 FORESEEABILITY\n          \u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u5bb3\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\uff1f\n                  \u2193\n          \u2465 DAMAGE\n          \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u635f\u5bb3\uff1f<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u57fa\u7840\u8003\u8bd5\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u628a\u5b83\u7b80\u5316\u6210\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation \u2192 Damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c <strong>Reasonable Person \/ Standard of Care \/ Foreseeability<\/strong> \u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5224\u65ad Breach \u548c Causation \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#x26a0;&#xfe0f; \u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accident<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ea\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e8b\u6545\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Negligence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty + Breach + Causation + Damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6240\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9898\u76ee\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe customer fell.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u9a6c\u4e0a\u9009\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe business is liable.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why did the customer fall?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165 <strong>Occupiers&#8217; Liability\uff08\u573a\u6240\u5360\u7528\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6b63\u597d\u628a\u4f60\u521a\u5b66\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation \u2192 Damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5168\u90e8\u653e\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684 RIBO \u8003\u8bd5\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca <strong>visitor\u3001trespasser\u3001invitee\u3001reasonable inspection\u3001warning signs<\/strong> \u7b49\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9677\u9631\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_21357\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"21357\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RIBO \u6838\u5fc3\uff1aNegligence \u56db\u8981\u7d20 \u5148\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a Duty \u2192 Breach \u2192 Causation \u2192 Damage\u6709\u4e49\u52a1 \u2192 \u6ca1\u505a\u5230 \u2192 \u5bfc\u81f4\u635f\u5bb3 \u2192 \u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210 Negligence \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u6210\uff1a \u201c\u6211\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d \u2192 \u201c\u6211\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5230\uff1f\u201d \u2192 \u201c\u6211\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u635f\u5931\uff1f\u201d \u2192 \u201c\u5bf9\u65b9\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u635f\u5bb3\uff1f\u201d \u2460 Duty of Care \u2014 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1 &#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50;&#x2b50; \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Duty of Care\uff1f \u5c31\u662f\uff1a \u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u67d0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5408\u7406\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u8d22\u4ea7\u627f\u62c5\u5408\u7406\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1\u3002 \u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a \u4e00\u5bb6\u8d85\u5e02\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5165\u5e97\u91cc\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e97\u5185\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u987e\u5ba2\u56e0\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u5371\u9669\u800c\u53d7\u4f24\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\u6709\u6c34\uff1a Supermarket \u2192 Customer \u8d85\u5e02\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u987e\u5ba2\u8d1f\u6709 Duty of Care\u3002 &#x26a0;&#xfe0f; \u4f46\u6709 Duty \u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf Negligent \u8fd9\u662f\u8003\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u3002 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/?p=21357\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;\u4fdd\u9669\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1aNegligence \u56db\u8981\u7d20&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_21357\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"21357\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[216,157,156],"class_list":["post-21357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-155","tag-negligence","tag-ribo","tag-156"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":6,"today_views":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21357"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21358,"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21357\/revisions\/21358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/johnhealth.ca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}